By Richard C. Hoagland
1998 The Enterprise Mission
On September 12, 1998 the distinguished British science
magazine, "New Scientist" reported an amazing bit of news: NASA tracking
of several outer solar system spacecraft -- the 2 Pioneers, together
with the Ulysses and Galileo missions -- were all exhibiting
"anomalous orbital behavior" ... indicating a greater solar gravitational
attraction than current physics permits. The article, titled "If
the Force is With Them ...", went on to detail some of the obvious
tests which the NASA team, led by an old friend, Dr. John Anderson,
using JPL's "Deep Space Network" (NASA's tracking division of its west
coast interplanetary center), had applied to the anomalous spacecraft
tracking data, in an effort to explain the increasingly strange trajectory
results (below).
The NASA tests, reported in detail in the technical
paper written by the team for Phys. Rev. Lett., started by removing
the obvious "Doppler effects" on the tracking signals caused by the
rotating Earth, as well as its own orbital revolution around the Sun.
The next step involved modeling potential non-gravitational forces on
the spacecraft, such as "fuel leaks in the on-board attitude control
systems," which could cause spurious "jetting" effects. This was followed
by a search for "unmodeled" gravitational attractions, created by currently
unknown asteroids; such objects could affect the tracking data by literally
"dragging" the spacecraft backwards toward the Sun. Eventually, there
was even an investigation into potentially strange electromagnetic interactions
in the Sun's "corona" that could affect either the radio waves between
the spacecraft and the Earth, or create excess "plasma drag" on the
spacecraft themselves, thereby slowing them slightly in their trajectories
away from the center of the solar system.
Ultimately, none of these "mundane" explanations have
satisfied the JPL tracking observations; the NASA team has been left
with a genuine "gravity anomaly" -- the spacecraft all seem to
be slightly closer to the sun than expected at this time, and slowing
down slightly faster than expected ... based on current gravity
models and currently accepted physics.
This inexplicable effect thus indicates a major -- and
still totally mysterious -- "physical solar system anomaly" ... apparently
becoming detectable in the JPL DSN tracking data about 10 years ago.
To proponents of the Hyperdimensional
Physics Model, these remarkable NASA tracking data open up a string
of equally extraordinary possibilities. The fact that the NASA scientists
believe the observations indicate an increasing solar gravity
is in direct conflict with several major laboratory
experiments, conducted in the same time period, all indicating an
equally remarkable, but weakening "gravitational constant" (G)
-- at least on Earth.
This direct conflict between two recently reported, but
totally separate "gravity anomalies" led us to focus on the source of
NASA's curious report:
Radio tracking of the outer solar system spacecraft.
Unlike the laboratory
dataa referenced earlier -- which measures changing "G" directly
-- the JPL observations were of necessity "remote": conducted only
via the long-distance yardstick of radio telemetry stretched between
the NASA ground antennas (right) and the very distant spacecraft. That
key difference -- the "radio link" itself -- somehow seemed the clue
...
Then, in a flash, the problem suddenly resolved:
What if it wasn't the solar gravitational field
that has subtly been changing since 1987, but--
"C" ... the speed of light itself!?
Radio telemetry travels at the same velocity as light.
If C is somehow changing simultaneously throughout the solar system,
then radio signals sent to distant spacecraft would obviously arrive
and return sooner than expected -- making all spacecraft suddenly
appear slightly closer to the Sun than otherwise predicted! This
key observation would inevitably translate in the JPL computer models
as an "increased gravitational attraction from the Sun ...": because
spacecraft apparently closer than expected (to the computers) must be
slowing faster than predicted ... because a higher signal speed
(the "speed of light") is literally not in the computer!
Paradox resolved.
This "correction" to the NASA/JPL announcement, in one
stroke, not only brings the changing solar gravitational field into
line with other previously reported laboratory data (resulting in a
solar field that is also actually decreasing) ... it also immediately
confirms another essential prediction of the Hyperdimensional Model:
If "G" decreases in the solar system, then the "speed
of light" -- C -- must inevitably, simultaneously increase --
because both (in the HD Model) are inversely connected,
through Maxwell's "changing scalar potentials" of the permitivity
and permeability of space, caused by slowly changing outer planet configurations.
Astonishingly, this
new NASA evidence for a variable "speed of light" (once properly interpreted!)
is not unique.
A compliation of recent scientific
literature on the subject by Lambert Dolphin (right), former physicist
at the Stanford Research Institute, reveals an historical body of published
and unpublished laboratory and astronomical evidence strongly supporting
such a radical interpretation -- directly contradicting what is taught
regarding the "inviolability of C" in current textbooks. These assembled
experiments and scientific papers form an additional, persuasive, independent
argument for the basic tenents of the HD Model -- that current scientific
"constants" are not truly constant after all ... and that even that
most "sacred constant" -- "C" -- must vary over time.
NASA itself has now, apparently, inadvertently confirmed
this critical prediction of the Model.
Stay tuned!